Sun Bear fear no more with latest UPGRADES

Singapore Zoo’s new sun bear enclosure opens after 18 months of careful planning, research and construction. It is constructed over 750 sqm and is more than four times larger than the old facility, which dates to as early as 1975. The new enclosure allows for enhanced enrichment programmes and provides the sun bears with a more natural and interesting abode.

The new home for the sun bears includes logs for climbing as well as bark chip substrate, which allows them to naturally forage and explore for food, which is hidden in an environment akin to a tropical rainforest. As sun bears are also active at night, the off-exhibit night enclosure for the bears is very large and includes bear “toys”, foraging areas, and a variety of sleeping platforms to occupy them.

“With the new enclosure, visitors will learn more about how sun bears behave in their natural environment. Of the eight species of bears, very little is known about the sun bear. But we do know that its wild population is on a sharp decline and they have become extinct in parts of their historical range. This is why over the years, we have funded a field research project to gather as much information as possible on sun bears” said Ms Fanny Lai, Executive Director for Night Safari and Singapore Zoo.

To date, sun bears are listed as data deficient on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC) Red List as little is known about them. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has listed sun bears in Appendix 1 which makes any commercial trade in the bear or its body parts illegal.

The field research project that the Singapore Zoo helps to sponsor on sun bears in the Danum Valley region of Sabah was spearheaded with the intention of gathering data on the ecology of the species and the prospects for survival in disrupted forest habitats. With information gathered from this research, the Zoo is able to gain further insight into the sun bears’ physical and mental needs.

“As we now have a better understanding about sun bears, we will be able to do more for the species. We have taken steps to improve the conditions for our sun bears by making their habitat more naturalistic. In months to come, we will be sending our male bear to another institution, and will receive an unrelated male for our sun bear breeding programme,” said Ms Lai.

In total, the new habitat will initially be home to three sun bears, one male (age five years old) and two females (age 17 and 30 years old respectively). The male bear and younger female bear were both born in Singapore, while the older female was brought in to Singapore when it was a one-year old cub in 1978; she may be the oldest sun bear in captivity. (As with most species, the longevity of a sun bear in the wild will notexceed the captive average age of 20 years.)

Since its inception, the Singapore Zoo has successfully produced and reared three sun bears.
Found mostly in the mainland countries of Southeast Asia, sun bears are losing their habitat to oil palm plantations and poaching for the traditional medicine trade and are probably close to extinction in many parts of their current range. Mr Wong Siew Te, expert field researcher on sun bears and first co-chair of the SunBear Expert Team for the IUCN from 2002 to 2005 was recently in Singapore at the invitation of the Zoo to share information from his Zoo-funded research findings on the plight of sun bears in the wild.